Rivers
The rich network of rivers in Sri Lanka make the island an oasis at any time of year, naturally watering the paradise garden with its splendid heritage. The highest concentration of rivers and lakes is found in the south-west of the country, making it possibly the most fertile area in Sri Lanka.
Rivières
Les fleuves du Sri Lanka prennent leur source dans les hauts plateaux du centre. De là, ils descendent vers les plaines et se jettent dans la mer. Généralement, ils sont impraticables dans leur cours supérieur, où ils coulent rapidement et tumultueusement à travers des passages fortement érodés jusqu'aux plaines en contrebas. Nombre d'entre eux dévalent des falaises abruptes, formant des cascades spectaculaires. Dans leur cours inférieur, les fleuves serpentent lentement à travers les plaines inondables et les deltas.
Le plus long fleuve du Sri Lanka, le Mahaweli, parcourt environ 330 km. Il coule vers le nord-est à travers les hauts plateaux du centre et se jette dans le golfe du Bengale près du port de Trincomalee, sur la côte est. Le deuxième plus long fleuve du pays est l'Aravi Aru, qui parcourt environ 220 km en direction du nord-ouest, des hauts plateaux du centre jusqu'au golfe de Mannar.
Le Sri Lanka ne possède pas de lacs naturels. Des barrages construits sur le Mahaweli et d'autres fleuves ont créé de vastes réservoirs. De plus, une série de petits réservoirs, appelés bassins, parsèment les plaines du centre-nord, stockant l'eau pendant la saison sèche. Certains de ces bassins ont été construits il y a jusqu'à 2 000 ans.
Une grande partie du Sri Lanka est aride et ne compte que quelques cours d'eau permanents. Cependant, la « zone humide » du sud-ouest est caractérisée par de nombreuses rivières prenant leur source dans les hautes montagnes du centre de l'île. Ces bassins hydrographiques diversifiés abritent des populations endémiques de plantes aquatiques, de bivalves et de poissons.
Parmi les espèces d'eau douce connues du Sri Lanka figurent 90 poissons (dont 26 endémiques) et 21 crabes. Toutefois, des études en cours suggèrent que le nombre d'espèces non décrites est potentiellement très important.
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Mahaweli RiverExplore the majestic Mahaweli River, Sri Lanka’s longest river, offering serene boat rides and opportunities for birdwatching and nature adventures along its winding course through scenic valleys.
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Kelani RiverThe Kelani River is a 145-kilometre-long (90 mi) river in Sri Lanka. It flows through or borders the Sri Lankan districts of Nuwara Eliya, Ratnapura, Kegalle, Gampaha and Colombo.
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Kalu GangaKalu Ganga is a river in Sri Lanka. Measuring 129 km (80 mi) in length. The mountainous forests in the Province and the Sinharaja Forest Reserve are the main sources of water for the river.
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Walawe RiverThe southern region of Sri Lanka is exalted by a bushel of enthralling and glorified rivers and the Walawe River is one of them. Gently flowing through the Udawalawe National Park, the Walawe River provides water for a multitude of species of mesmerising fauna.
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Deduru OyaThe Deduru Oya Dam is an embankment dam built across the Deduru River in Kurunegala District of Sri Lanka. Built in 2014, the primary purpose of the dam is to retain approximately a billion cubic metres of water for irrigation purposes, which would otherwise flow out to sea.
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Malwathu OyaThe Malvathu River long river in Sri Lanka, connecting the city of Anuradhapura, which was the capital of the country for over 15 centuries, to the coast of Mannar. It currently ranks as the second longest river in the country, with a great historic significance.
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Kala OyaIt was around these ancient tank (water storage reservoir) irrigation systems that the economy and human settlements of early Sri Lankan society were organised into a “hydraulic civilization”.
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Gal OyaDiscover Gal Oya, a tranquil sanctuary in Sri Lanka, known for its lush landscapes, rich wildlife, and serene boat safaris, offering a peaceful retreat surrounded by nature and wildlife.
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Gin GangaThe Gin Ganga, is a 115.9 km (72 mi) long river situated in Galle District of Sri Lanka. The river's headwaters are located near Deniyaya, bordering the Sinharaja Forest Reserve.
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Kirindi OyaExperience the serene beauty of Kirindi Oya, a tranquil river in Sri Lanka. Enjoy scenic boat rides, lush landscapes, and opportunities for birdwatching, offering a peaceful escape into nature.
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Kumbukkan OyaThe Kumbukkan Oya is the twelfth-longest river of Sri Lanka. It is approximately 116 km (72 mi) long. Its catchment area receives approximately 2,115 million cubic metres of rain per year.
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Maduru OyaThe Maduru Oya is a major stream in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) in length. approximately 3,060 million cubic metres of rain per year
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Manik RiverExplore the peaceful Manik River, surrounded by lush greenery and rich wildlife. Enjoy scenic boat rides and nature walks, offering a serene and refreshing experience.
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Yan OyaThe Yan Oya, 142 km long and receives 2,371 million cubic meters of rainfall annually, with 17% flowing to the sea. Its catchment area covers 1,520 square kilometers.