河川

スリランカの川は中央高地に源を発しています。そこから彼らは平原に下り、海に注ぎます。川は通常、上流部では航行できず、高度に侵食された通路を激しく乱流して下の平原まで流れます。多くの川が切り立った崖の上を流れ落ち、壮観な滝を形成します。下流では、川は氾濫原やデルタ地帯をゆっくりと蛇行します。

スリランカ最長の川であるマハウェリ川は、全長約 330 km (約 205 マイル) を流れます。中央高地を北東方向に流れ、東海岸のトリンコマリー港近くでベンガル湾に注ぎます。この国で 2 番目に長い川はアラヴィ アル川で、中央高原からマナール湾まで北西方向に約 220 km (約 135 マイル) を流れています。

スリランカには自然の湖がありません。マハウェリ川や他の川のダムによって大きな貯水池が作られました。さらに、北中央平野にはタンクと呼ばれる一連の小さな貯水池が点在し、乾季に水を蓄えます。タンクの中には 2,000 年も前に建設されたものもあります。

スリランカの大部分は乾燥しており、常設されている川は数本しかありません。しかし、南西部地域の「湿潤地帯」は、島の中央部の高山に源を発する多数の川によって特徴付けられます。これらの多様な河川流域は、水生植物、二枚貝、魚類の固有個体群を支えています。

スリランカの既知の淡水種には、90 種の魚（26 種が固有種）と 21 種のカニが含まれていますが、進行中の研究では、未記載の種の数が潜在的に非常に多いことが示唆されています。

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    Walawe River 

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    Mi Oya