Mesua Nagassarium

  

Mesua nagassarium, commonly known as the Ceylon ironwood or cobra saffron, is a slow-growing evergreen tree native to the Indomalayan region, including Sri Lanka, India, and Southeast Asia. It typically reaches heights of over 30 meters and is noted for its dense, conical crown. The tree produces large, fragrant white flowers with numerous yellow-orange stamens, and its young, drooping leaves emerge in shades of pink to red before maturing to a glossy green.

The timber of Mesua nagassarium is exceptionally hard and durable, historically utilized in heavy construction such as railway sleepers and structural beams. Due to its strength and density, the wood is challenging to work with but valued for applications requiring resilience. In Sri Lanka, the tree holds cultural significance and was declared the national tree on February 26, 1986. Its selection was based on factors including its indigenous status, utility, historical importance, and distinctive appearance.

Beyond its timber, various parts of the tree are employed in traditional medicine. The flowers, leaves, seeds, and roots are used for their purported therapeutic properties, and the fragrant flowers are also incorporated into perfumes and cosmetics. Additionally, the seeds yield an oil that has been used for lighting and other purposes.

Mesua nagassarium thrives in wet, tropical climates, often found in evergreen forests and river valleys up to elevations of 1,500 meters. Its cultivation as an ornamental tree is widespread, appreciated for its aesthetic appeal and the shade it provides. The tree's association with Buddhist traditions further enhances its cultural and spiritual significance in regions where it is native.