传统米饭

在斯里兰卡，自公元前800年以来就开始种植水稻，而自公元前390年以来，大规模的灌溉工程进一步支持了水稻种植。在这一时期，斯里兰卡被称为东方的粮仓，据报道当时有约2000种本土稻米品种。到20世纪初，已有约567种传统稻米品种被记录下来。这些品种通过自然进化和祖先的无意选择，适应了该国高地和低地各种水稻种植生态环境。

由于外国统治者的疏忽，传统品种混杂在一起，20世纪20年代，农业部的科学家采用了净化过程，并推荐了用于种植的纯系品种，如今的传统品种主要是这些纯系品种的结果。这些品种具有足够的多样性，能够适应不同的水稻种植环境和消费者偏好。因此，传统稻米品种具有特定的适应性，而不是普遍的适应性。

大多数品种从播种到收获的成熟期为4-6个月。只有极少数品种的成熟期为2½至3½个月。大多数传统稻米品种为红色，只有少数为白色。某些传统品种对光周期非常敏感，只在十二月的短日照条件下开花，因此只能在该国的马哈季节种植。传统植物结构非常原始，植株高大而茎秆脆弱，种植过程中容易倒伏。传统品种的收获指数低于0.3，表明其生物量含量高于植株所产谷粒的数量，导致产量低。传统品种还表现出特定的适应性、对非生物胁迫的抗性，以及对某些主要害虫和疾病的单一抗性或易感性。

斯里兰卡的传统知识认为这些品种具有营养和药用价值。这些特性多种多样，包括增强免疫系统、体力和性功能，促进消化、排泄和减少体内毒素，并用于治疗发热、糖尿病、便秘、泌尿问题、肥胖、结核病、呕血以及治疗蛇毒中毒的人。近年来的研究从科学上验证了其中一些传统说法，明确表明斯里兰卡的传统稻米，尤其是红米，在炎症、糖尿病、癌症、神经疾病、胆固醇和氧化应激方面具有有益的药用特性。因此，在该国利用和应用这些宝贵的传统或本土稻米遗传资源，可能有效改善斯里兰卡人民的营养和健康状况。此外，传统稻米品种的巨大多样性要求对其进行保护和利用，以进一步改进，以满足未来的稻米需求，并为该国乃至世界的农业和环境问题提供解决方案。因此，让我们保护这一自然演化的传统稻米品种的宝藏，以确保未来的粮食和环境安全。

下载：

  1. 斯里兰卡二十三种传统稻米（Oryza sativa L.）的理化和营养特性
  2. 传统水稻种植：重回实践

  • A small white heirloom rice variety, Sudu Heeneti is highly nutritious, rich in antioxidants, and ideal for traditional Sri Lankan medicinal diets. It has a soft texture and mild, earthy flavor.

    Sudu Heeneti 

  • Dahanala is a rare, nutrient-dense traditional rice with a reddish hue. It is favored for its high fiber content and mild, sweet taste, making it perfect for porridge and healthy meals.

    Dahanala 

  • Dik Wee is a medium-grain red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The plant develops to a maximum height of 150 cm. This crop can be harvested within 4 to 4½ months from seeding.

    Dik Wee 

  • This variety of rice is named Kalu Heeneti because of the color of its lemma and palea which turn blackish at maturity. It is traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka and produces a red medium sized grain. The plant develops to a maximum height of 120 cm.

    Kalu Heeneti 

  • Ma Wee is a red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The grain varies in size and shape from short and round varieties to long medium sized varieties. It is one of the tallest rice plants cultivated and develops to a maximum height of 350 cm.

    Ma Wee 

  • Masuran is a popular medium-grain red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The plant develops to a maximum height of 120 cm and is resistant to lodging. This crop can be harvested within 3½ months from seeding during the Yala season and within 4½ months in the Maha season.

    Masuran 

  • Pokkali is a popular red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The culm of plant is about 130 cm in height and bears about 10 tillers per plant. This crop can be harvested within 3½ months from seeding.

    Pokkali 

  • Pachchaperumal is a very popular medium-grain red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The plant develops to a maximum height of 120 cm. This crop can be harvested within 3½ months from seeding. At the stage of ripening the plant stem becomes light bluish in color.

    Pachchaperumal 

  • Madathawalu is a very popular short-grain red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The plant develops to a maximum height of 130 cm. This crop can be harvested within 4 months from seeding.

    Madathawalu 

  • Gonabaru is a popular medium-grain rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The plant develops to a maximum height of 140 cm. This crop can be harvested within 5 months from seeding.

    Gonabaru 

  • Godaheeneti is a popular medium-grain red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka, which belongs to the heeneti type. The plant develops to a maximum height of 160 cm. This crop can be harvested within 3½ months from seeding.

    Goda Heeneti 

  • Rathsuwandal is a popular medium-grain red rice variety traditionally cultivated in Sri Lanka. The plant develops to a maximum height of 120 cm. This crop can be harvested within 3½ months from seeding.

    Rath Suwandal 

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