Ceylon Tea History Timeline

The tea production of Sri Lanka, formerly calledCeylon, is one of the main income sources of the country. It is the fourth largest producer of tea in the world, and the second largest exporter. Around 20% of the teas sold around the world come from Sri Lanka.

History of Ceylon Tea

Pre-Tea Era Cinnamon

First crop to receive government sponsorship. First planted in the Dutch era. Private cinnamon plantations were banned by the British and all were under the purview of the East India company. Decommissioned in the 1830s due to an economic slump.

Pre-Tea Era Coffee

Coffee plantation began the in the early 1800s. The death of the industry happened in the 1870s when the plantations were destroyed due to a fungal disease known as ‘coffee rust’ or ‘coffee blight’.

Tea-Era Foundation

• 1824 – A tea plant is brought in from China by the British and planted in the Royal Botanical Gardens as a non-commercial crop.
• 1839 – Further tea plants are brought in experimentally from India by the East India Company.
• 1839 – The Ceylon Chamber of Commerce is established
• 1852 – James Taylor arrives in Ceylon.
• 1854 – The Planters Association of Ceylon is established.
• 1867 – James Taylor initiates the tea industry by beginning a tea plantation (19 acres only) in the Lulkandura (Loolecondera) estate in Kandy.
• 1872 – Taylor begins the first fully equipped tea factory in Ceylon on the grounds of the estate, and the same year the first tea sale is made.
• 1873 – The first shipment of Ceylon tea, amounting to 23lb/10kg is made.
• 1870 - Hope, Rookwood and Mooloya plantations to the east and Le Vallon and Stellenberg plantations to the south switch over to tea.

Ceylon Tea – The Growth of Commercial Production Timeline

• 1880 to 1888 – Tea production increases dramatically, the area quickly exceeding the area of coffee plantations. Many famed British figures buy coffee plantations and convert to tea. The tea processing technology rapidly develops with the first tea rolling machine by John Walker and Co in 1880.
• 1884 – The first publicColomboAuction is held in the premises of Messrs Somerville and Company Limited.
• 1893 – 1 million tea packets are sold in the Chicago World’s fair. At the London Tea Auctions the tea nets a record price of £36.15 per pound.
• 1894 – The Ceylon Tea Traders Association is formed.
• 1896 – TheColomboBrokers Association is formed.
• 1899 – The area of tea plantations in Ceylon is almost 400,000 acres.
• 1916 – Thomas Amarasuriya becomes the first Ceylonese to be appointed as Chairman of the Planter’s Association.
• 1925 – The Tea Research Institute is established to research on maximizing yields and on methods of production.
• 1927 – The tea production of the country exceeds 100,000 metric tons
• 1960s – The total tea plantation area exceeds 200,000 hectares, with a total yield over 200,000 metric tons
• 1980s –Ceylon is the official tea supplier for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics, 12th Commonwealth Games, and the Expo 88
• 1992-93 – All government owned plantations were privatised due to heavy losses
• 2001 – Forbes and Walker launched the first online tea sales at theColomboAuction
• 2002 – The Tea Association of Sri Lanka was formed.