Dambulla Golden Temple

Dambulla Golden Temple Dambulla Golden Temple Dambulla Golden Temple

Dambulla cave temple also known as the Golden Temple of Dambulla is a World Heritage Site (1991) in Sri Lanka, situated in the central part of the country. This site is situated 148 kilometres (92 mi) east of Colombo, 72 kilometres (45 mi) north of Kandy and 43 km (27 mi) north of Matale.

Dambulla is the largest and best-preserved cave temple complex in Sri Lanka. The rock towers 160 m over the surrounding plains. There are more than 80 documented caves in the surrounding area. Major attractions are spread over five caves, which contain statues and paintings. These paintings and statues are related to Gautama Buddha and his life. There are a total of 153 Buddha statues, three statues of Sri Lankan kings and four statues of gods and goddesses. The latter include Vishnu and the Ganesha. The murals cover an area of 2,100 square metres (23,000 sq ft). Depictions on the walls of the caves include the temptation by the demon Mara, and Buddha's first sermon.

Prehistoric Sri Lankans would have lived in these cave complexes before the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka as there are burial sites with human skeletons about 2700 years old in this area, at Ibbankatuwa near the Dambulla cave complexes.

This temple complex dates back to the first century BCE. It has five caves under a vast overhanging rock, carved with a drip line to keep the interiors dry. In 1938 the architecture was embellished with arched colonnades and gabled entrances. Inside the caves, the ceilings are painted with intricate patterns of religious images following the contours of the rock. There are images of the Lord Buddha and bodhisattvas, as well as various gods and goddesses.

The Dambulla cave monastery is still functional and remains the best-preserved ancient edifice in Sri Lanka. This complex dates from the third and second centuries BC, when it was already established as one of the largest and most important monasteries. Valagamba of Anuradhapura is traditionally thought to have converted the caves into a temple in the first century BC. Exiled from Anuradhapura, he sought refuge here from South Indian usurpers for 15 years. After reclaiming his capital, the King built a temple in thankful worship. Many other kings added to it later and by the 11th century, the caves had become a major religious centre and still are. Nissanka Malla of Polonnaruwa gilded the caves and added about 70 Buddha statues in 1190. During the 18th century, the caves were restored and painted by the Kingdom of Kandy.

Conservation at the Dambulla Temple Complex has primarily concentrated on the preservation of its mural schemes. Senake Bandaranayake reports that the schemes were cleaned during an initial conservation project during the 1960s which involved the cleaning of the murals and the application of a protective coating.

Subsequent conservation strategies at the Dambulla Temple Complex (mainly since 1982) have focussed on maintaining the integrity of the existing complex which has remained unaltered since the reconstruction of the temple veranda in t

Acerca del distrito de Matale

Matale es una ciudad en la región montañosa de Sri Lanka. La cordillera de Knuckles es un elemento distintivo de Matale. El distrito administrativo de Matale también alberga el histórico castillo de roca de Sigiriya, el templo de Aluvihare y el templo rupestre de Dambulla. Alrededor de la ciudad se encuentran las estribaciones de Knuckles, conocidas como Wiltshire. Es una zona principalmente agrícola, donde predominan los cultivos de té, caucho, hortalizas y especias. El templo de Aluvihare, al norte de la ciudad, es el lugar histórico donde se transcribió por primera vez el Canon Pali en hojas de palma. Cerca de Aluvihare se encuentran numerosas cuevas monásticas, algunas de las cuales exhiben hermosos frescos.

Acerca de la Provincia Central

La Provincia Central de Sri Lanka se compone principalmente de terreno montañoso. La provincia tiene una superficie de 5674 km² y una población de 2 421 148 habitantes. Algunas de sus principales ciudades son Kandy, Gampola (24 730 habitantes), Nuwara Eliya y Bandarawela. La población es una mezcla de cingaleses, tamiles y moros. Tanto Kandy, la capital de la región montañosa, como Nuwara Eliya y Sri Pada se encuentran dentro de la Provincia Central. Esta provincia produce gran parte del famoso té de Ceilán, plantado por los británicos en la década de 1860 tras una devastadora enfermedad que acabó con todas las plantaciones de café de la región.

La Provincia Central atrae a numerosos turistas, con ciudades de montaña como Kandy, Gampola, Hatton y Nuwara Eliya. El Templo del Diente o Dalada Maligawa es el principal lugar sagrado de la provincia. El clima es fresco, y en muchas zonas a unos 1500 metros de altitud suelen registrarse noches frías. Las laderas occidentales son muy húmedas, con algunos lugares que registran casi 7000 mm de lluvia al año. Las laderas orientales forman parte de la zona semiárida, ya que solo reciben lluvia del monzón del noreste. Las temperaturas oscilan entre los 24 °C en Kandy y los 16 °C en Nuwara Eliya, situada a 1889 metros sobre el nivel del mar.

Las montañas más altas de Sri Lanka se encuentran en la Provincia Central. El terreno es mayoritariamente montañoso, con profundos valles que lo atraviesan. Las dos principales regiones montañosas son el macizo central y la cordillera de Knuckles, al este de Kandy.

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