河流

斯里兰卡的河流发源于中部高地，从那里流向平原并注入海洋。在上游河段，河流通常无法通航，水流湍急，穿过严重侵蚀的峡谷奔向下游平原。许多河流从陡峭的悬崖倾泻而下，形成壮观的瀑布。在下游，河流缓慢蜿蜒，流经洪泛平原和三角洲。

斯里兰卡最长的河流是马哈韦利河（Mahaweli），全长约330公里（约205英里）。它自中部高地向东北流动，在亭可马里港附近注入孟加拉湾，位于东海岸。该国第二长河是阿拉维阿鲁河（Aravi Aru），全长约220公里（约135英里），自中部高地向西北流动，最终汇入马纳尔湾。

斯里兰卡没有天然湖泊。在马哈韦利河及其他河流上修建的水坝形成了大型水库。此外，北中部平原上分布着一系列称为“水塘”（tanks）的小型蓄水池，用于在旱季储水。其中一些水塘的修建历史可追溯至约2000年前。

斯里兰卡大部分地区气候干旱，永久性河流较少。然而，西南部的“湿润区”拥有众多发源于岛屿中部高山的河流。这些多样化的河流流域孕育并支持着特有的水生植物、双壳类动物和鱼类种群。

目前已知的斯里兰卡淡水物种包括90种鱼类（其中26种为特有种）和21种螃蟹，但正在进行的研究表明，尚未被描述的物种数量可能相当可观。

  • Explore the majestic Mahaweli River, Sri Lanka’s longest river, offering serene boat rides and opportunities for birdwatching and nature adventures along its winding course through scenic valleys.

    Mahaweli River 

  • The Kelani River is a 145-kilometre-long (90 mi) river in Sri Lanka. It flows through or borders the Sri Lankan districts of Nuwara Eliya, Ratnapura, Kegalle, Gampaha and Colombo.

    Kelani River 

  • Kalu Ganga is a river in Sri Lanka. Measuring 129 km (80 mi) in length. The mountainous forests in the Province and the Sinharaja Forest Reserve are the main sources of water for the river.

    Kalu Ganga 

  • The southern region of Sri Lanka is exalted by a bushel of enthralling and glorified rivers and the Walawe River is one of them. Gently flowing through the Udawalawe National Park, the Walawe River provides water for a multitude of species of mesmerising fauna.

    Walawe River 

  • The Deduru Oya Dam is an embankment dam built across the Deduru River in Kurunegala District of Sri Lanka. Built in 2014, the primary purpose of the dam is to retain approximately a billion cubic metres of water for irrigation purposes, which would otherwise flow out to sea.

    Deduru Oya 

  • The Malvathu River  long river in Sri Lanka, connecting the city of Anuradhapura, which was the capital of the country for over 15 centuries, to the coast of Mannar. It currently ranks as the second longest river in the country, with a great historic significance.

    Malwathu Oya 

  • It was around these ancient tank (water storage reservoir) irrigation systems that the economy and human settlements of early Sri Lankan society were organised into a “hydraulic civilization”.

    Kala Oya 

  • Discover Gal Oya, a tranquil sanctuary in Sri Lanka, known for its lush landscapes, rich wildlife, and serene boat safaris, offering a peaceful retreat surrounded by nature and wildlife.

    Gal Oya 

  • The Gin Ganga, is a 115.9 km (72 mi) long river situated in Galle District of Sri Lanka. The river's headwaters are located near Deniyaya, bordering the Sinharaja Forest Reserve.

    Gin Ganga 

  • Experience the serene beauty of Kirindi Oya, a tranquil river in Sri Lanka. Enjoy scenic boat rides, lush landscapes, and opportunities for birdwatching, offering a peaceful escape into nature.

    Kirindi Oya 

  • The Kumbukkan Oya is the twelfth-longest river of Sri Lanka. It is approximately 116 km (72 mi) long. Its catchment area receives approximately 2,115 million cubic metres of rain per year.

    Kumbukkan Oya 

  • The Maduru Oya is a major stream in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) in length. approximately 3,060 million cubic metres of rain per year

    Maduru Oya 

  • The Maha Oya measures approximately 134 km (83 mi) in length. It runs across four provinces and five districts. Maha Oya has 14 Water supply networks to serve the need of water.

    Maha Oya 

  • Explore the peaceful Manik River, surrounded by lush greenery and rich wildlife. Enjoy scenic boat rides and nature walks, offering a serene and refreshing experience.

    Manik River 

  • The Yan Oya, 142 km long and receives 2,371 million cubic meters of rainfall annually, with 17% flowing to the sea. Its catchment area covers 1,520 square kilometers.

    Yan Oya 

  • The Mi oya is a 108 km (67 mi) long river, in North Western of Sri Lanka. It is the fifteenth-longest river in Sri Lanka. It begins in Saliyagama and flows northwest, emptying into the Indian Ocean thru Puttalam.

    Mi Oya